Dab tsi yog cov kev faib tawm ntawm surfactants?

Raws li hom ions tau tsim los ntawm Hydrophilic pab pawg, surfactants tuaj yeem faib ua plaub pawg: anionic, cationionic thiab noionic.

Anionic Surfactants

① Soaps

Nws yog ntsev ntawm cov roj ntsha siab dua, nrog cov qauv dav dav: (rcoo) nm. Lub filty acid hydrocarbon r yog feem ntau cov saw ntev ntev ntawm 11 mus rau 17 carbons, thiab stearic acid, oleic acid, oleic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid thiab lauric acid thiab lauric acid thiab lauric acid thiab lauric acid thiab lauric acid thiab lauric acid thiab lauric acid thiab lauric acid thiab lauric acid thiab Lauric acid thiab Lauric acid thiab Lauric acid thiab Lauric acid thiab Lauric acid thiab Lauric acid thiab Lauric acid Raws li cov tshuaj sib txawv sawv cev los ntawm m, nws tuaj yeem faib ua alkali hlau ntaub soaps, alkaline lub ntiaj teb hlau hlau thiab cov organic amine. Lawv txhua tus muaj cov khoom zoo emulsification thiab muaj peev xwm mus rau cov roj tawg. Tab sis lawv tau yooj yim rhuav tshem. Alkali hlau ntaub sowa kuj tseem tuaj yeem pov tseg los ntawm calcium thiab magnesium ntsev, thiab elecolytes tseem tuaj yeem ua rau salting tawm.

Alkali hlau xab npum: o / w

Alkaline lub ntiaj teb winaps: w / o

Organic Amine Soaps: Triethanolamine Soaps

② sulfates ro-so3-m

Feem ntau yog sulfated roj thiab ntau dua fatty cawv sulfates. Lub fatty hydrocarbon saw r yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 12 thiab 18 carbons. Tus sawv cev ntawm cov roj sulfated yog sulfated cov roj Castor, feem ntau yog hu ua Turkish cov roj liab liab. Advanced Fatty cawv sulfates suav nrog sodium dodecyl sulecyl sulecyl sulecyl sulecate (SDium Laurasl Sulfate) thiab sodium Lautyl Sulfate) thiab sodium Lauty Polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (aes). SDS tau muaj zog emulsification, yog qhov ruaj khov, thiab yog tiv taus ntau dua rau cov kua qaub, calcium, thiab cov ntsev magnesium. Hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj, nws tuaj yeem tsim los nag nrog qee cov tshuaj molecular siab, muaj qee qhov ua rau cov tshuaj pleev sab nraud, thiab tseem siv rau cov khoom ntub dej lossis cov khoom siv sib zog ua ke xws li cov ntsiav tshuaj. Sodium Filty Cawv Polyoxyylene ether sulfate (Aes) muaj kev ua tau zoo roj nyuaj, thiab muaj cov nyhuv tuab.

③ sulfonates r-so3-m

Pawg no muaj cov sulfonates aliphatic, Alkyl Aryl sulfonates, thiab Alkyl Naphthalene sulfonates. Lawv cov dej solubility thiab kua qaub thiab calcium thiab cov ntsev magnesium yog me ntsis tsis yooj yim dua li sulfates, tab sis lawv tsis yooj yim hydrolyzed hauv cov kua qaub. Aliphatic sulfonates muaj xws li: Sodium Thib Ob Alkyl sulfonate (Sodium Fatty Accolinate (Alosol-Oter Ester Sulfonate (Alosol-Oter Ester cov kev tsis ua zaum; Sodium dodecylbenzene sulechlzate ntawm alkyl arl sulfonates yog ib qho tshuaj ntxuav tau dav. Cholelithium salts xws li sodium glycochacholate thiab sodium srocholate thiab emulsifiers rau cov rog hauv plab hnyuv.

Cationic Surfactants

Surfactants nrog cov nqi zoo yog hu ua cationic surfactants. Lub cation, tseem hu ua cov xab npum zoo, ua lub luag haujlwm surfactant. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov qauv molecular yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ammolalide (chlorhexonium alkaline daws. Vim nws cov nyhuv muaj zog, nws yog feem ntau yog siv rau kev siv tshuaj txhuam ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem siv ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ophthalmic.

Amphoter semfactants

Hom sawm surfactant muaj ob pab pawg zoo thiab tsis zoo them rau cov qauv molecular, thiab tuaj yeem nthuav tawm cov khoom siv ntawm cationic lossis anionic surfactants hauv pH qhov tseem ceeb.

① Lecithin

Lecithin yog lub ntuj zwitterionic surfactant, feem ntau yog muab los ntawm taum pauv thiab qe qe. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Lecithin yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau cov tebchaw. Vim nws cov txheej txheem sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm sib txawv, cov kev sib tw ntawm txhua feem yuav tseem sib txawv, thiab yog li qhov kev ua yeeb yam tseem yuav txawv. Lecithin yog rhiab heev rau cua sov, yooj yim hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm cov kua qaub, estoluble hauv cov organic hauv organic thiab estoluble hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv urulsable thiab lipid microparticts thiab lipid microparticts thiab lipid microparticts.

②amino acid hom thiab ntaus nqi

Amino acid thiab betaine amplouric surfactants, uas yog cov ntsev uas yog amino acid, uas yog betaingary ntsev, uas yog betaine hom: r-n + (ch3) 2-coo-. Nws cov yam ntxwv yog: hauv alkaline aqueous daws, nws muaj cov khoom ntawm anionic surfactants, nrog ua npuas zoo thiab ntxuav cov teebmeem; Hauv kev daws acidic, nws muaj cov khoom ntawm cationic surfactants, muaj peev xwm muaj zog, muaj zog toxicity tshaj li cationic surfactants.

Nonionic Surfactants

Fatty acid glycerides

Feem ntau yog fatty acid monoglycerides thiab fatty acid diglycerides, xws li monostearate glyceryl. Insoluble hauv dej, yooj yim hydrolyzed rau hauv glycerol thiab fatty acids, tsis yog nquag nquag, siv tus nqi HLB, feem ntau siv los ua W / O hom AUXILIARIARY.

Ducrose filty acid Ester

Sucrose ester rau luv luv, belongs rau polyol hom kev sib txuas ua ke, yog cov kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov rog, suav nrog monokester, thiab polyester. Nws tuaj yeem decomposed rau hauv sucrose thiab fatty acids hauv lub cev thiab siv. HLB tus nqi yog 5-13, feem ntau siv raws li o / w emulsifier thiab dispersant, thiab tseem yog cov khoom noj uas muaj txiv neej ntxiv.

Sorbitan Fatty Acid

Nws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw esters tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Sorbitan thiab nws anhydride nrog fatty acids, thiab nws lub npe lag luam yog ncua. Vim nws muaj zog lipophilicity, feem ntau nws yog feem ntau siv los ua tus nqi w / o emulsifier, nrog tus nqi HLB, thiab feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lotions thiab tshuaj pleev. Txawm li cas los xij, ncua 20 thiab luv 40 feem ntau siv raws li O / W sib xyaw emulsifiers hauv kev sib xyaw nrog kaum ob.

Polysorbate

Nws yog polyoxyylene sorbitan fatty acid ester. Ntawm qhov seem-nws ntawm kev ncua, polyoxyethylene tau sib xyaw ua ke kom tau txais ib lub Eether Compound, thiab nws lub npe lag luam yog kaum ob. Hom surfactant tau nce nws hydrophilicity vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm hydrophilic polyoxilic polyoxilic polyoxilic polyoxetylene, ua ib lub soluble dej surfactant. Tus nqi HLB yog 9.6-16.7, thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv dag zog thiab o / w emulsifier.

Polyoxyethylene Fatty Acid Ester

Nws yog tus ester tsim los ntawm cov hws ntawm polyethylene glycol thiab ntev-saw fatty acids. Lub lag luam npe myrij yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Hom no yog dej-soluble thiab muaj cov khoom emulsification muaj zog. Nws feem ntau siv ua O / W emulsifier thiab Solubilizer.

PolyoxYethylene Fatty Cawv ether

Nws yog ether generated los ntawm kev hws ntawm polyethylene glycol thiab fatty acids. Lub npe ua lag luam Brij yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Nws feem ntau siv ua O / W emulsifier thiab Solubilizer.

Polyoxyethylene-polyoxyprropylene polymer

Nws yog tsim los ntawm polymerization ntawm polyoxyethylene thiab polyoxyprropene, tseem hu ua Craxamer, thiab lub npe lag luam yog pluronic.