Cia peb kawm txog cationic surfactants ua ke.

Cationic SurfactantsYog cov tshuaj saum npoo uas muaj cov tshuaj uas cais tawm kom tso cov nqi uas zoo rau cov aqueous. Cov pab pawg hydrophobic ntawm hom tshuaj no yog zoo li cov ntawm anionic surfactants. Cov pab pawg hydrophilic ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb zoo ib txwm muaj nitrogen atoms, thiab tseem muaj atoms xws li phosphorus, leej faj, thiab iodine. Cov pab pawg hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic pawg tuaj yeem sib txuas ncaj qha, lossis lawv tuaj yeem txuas tau los ntawm ester, ether, lossis cov ntawv cog lus. Ntawm lawv, cov feem ntau dav siv yog nitrogen-muaj amine ntsev.

Cationic SurfactantsNrog kev lag luam tus nqi yog yeej cov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov organic nitrogen teb. Lawv cov nqi zoo yog nqa los ntawm nitrogen atoms. Tseem muaj qee yam tshiab ntawm cationic surfactants uas tau txais cov nqi zoo yog nqa los ntawm atoms xws li phosphorus, leej faj, iodine, thiab arsenic. Raws li cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cationic surfactants, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib rau hauv plaub pawg: amine ammonium ntsev hom, heterocyclic hom, thiab ntsev yam. Ntawm lawv, Quas ammonium ntsev hom cationic surfactants muaj cov ntawv thov kev lag luam ntau tshaj plaws.

1. Amine ntsev hom

Amine ntsev hom cationic surfactants yog cov lus dav dav rau thawj lub teb chaws amine, thiab tertiary amine ntsev tswm sej. Lawv cov peev xwm tsis tshua zoo sib xws, thiab ntau cov khoom lag luam yog cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm thawj lub npe thiab cov amines. Cov salfhants no feem ntau yog salts tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov rog uas muaj cov inorganic acids thiab tsuas yog soluble hauv acidic daws teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv Alkaline cov xwm txheej, amine ntsev yuav hnov ​​mob nrog alkalis los ua cov amines dawb, uas txo lawv solubility. Yog li ntawd, lawv daim ntawv thov ntau yog qee yam txwv.

2. Quav Amonmary Cov Lus Qhia Txog Amoos Ntsev

Quas ammonium ntsev homCationic Surfactantsyog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm cationic surfactants. Lawv cov qauv thiab kev npaj cov hau kev sib txawv ntawm cov ntawm cov hom amine ntsev hom. Xws surfactants yog soluble nyob rau hauv ob qho kev daws teeb meem acidic thiab alkaline, muaj kev sib xyaw zoo nrog lwm hom surfactants, thiab muaj kev ntsuas dav dav.

3. Heterocyclic Hom

Lub hetercycles muaj nyob rau hauv cov lwg me ntawm cationic surfactants tsuas yog suav nrog cov nitrogen-muaj morpholine rings, pyridazole rings, thiab quinoline rings, thiab lwm yam.

Cationic Surfactants yog siv cov catalysts heev nrog cov khoom siv zoo thiab siv tau dav hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm peb lub neej.